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The Mansi languages are spoken by the Mansi people in Siberia, Russia along the Ob River and its tributary, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Ugric languages, within the broader Uralic languages language family. They are often considered most closely related to neighbouring Khanty language and then to Hungarian.
The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva dialect, a representative of the northern language. Fixed word order is typical in Mansi. and play an important role in sentence construction.
In the 2020–2021 census, 2229 people claimed to speak Mansi natively. All current speakers use Northern Mansi, as the other variants have become extinct.
Individual dialects are known according to the rivers their speakers live(d) on:László Honti (1998). 041508198X, Taylor & Francis. 041508198X
All of the sub-dialects given above are those which were still spoken in the late 19th and early 20th century and have been documented in linguistic sources on Mansi, except for certain varieties of Western and Southern Mansi, spoken further west; the Tagil River, Tura River and Chusovaya River dialects of Southern and the Vishera dialect of Western, found in pre-scientific records from the 18th and early 19th centuries.
The two dialects last mentioned were hence spoken on the western slopes of the Urals, where also several early Russian sources document Mansi settlements. Placename evidence has been used to suggest Mansi presence reaching still much further west in earlier times, though this has been criticized as poorly substantiated.
Northern Mansi has strong Russian language, Komi language, Nenets language, and Khanty language influence, and it forms the base of the literary Mansi language. There is no accusative case; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun. and have been backed to and .
Western Mansi was described as "probably extinct language" already in 1988. Although the last speaker is not known, it is considered certain that none were left at the end of the 20th century. It had strong Russian and Komi influences; dialect differences were also considerable. Long vowels were diphthongized.
Eastern Mansi became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Šivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died. It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for it has , frequently diphthongized.
Southern (Tavda) Mansi was recorded from area isolated from the other Mansi varieties. Around 1900, a couple hundred speakers existed; in the 1960s, it was spoken only by a few elderly speakers, and it has since then become extinct. It had strong Tatar influence and displayed several archaisms such as vowel harmony, retention of (elsewhere merged with ), (elsewhere deaffricated to ), (elsewhere fronted to or diphthongized) and (elsewhere raised to ).
| + ! rowspan="2" | English ! colspan="4" | Northern ! colspan="2" | Eastern ! colspan="4" | Western Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán, 2012 [1] ! colspan="1" | Southern Tavda Mansi Language, the analysed corpora of an extinct dialect of Mansi language by Norbert Szilágyi [2] | ||||||
| I, me | ам (am) | ам (am) | ам (am) | ам (am) | а̊̄м (åm) | ом, ам (om, am) | (äm) | (äm) | ам (am) | амь (ам') | (äm) |
| you | наӈ (naŋ) | наӈ (naŋ) | наӈ (naŋ) | наӈ (naŋ) | нэй (näj) | нӓг (näγ) | (näu) | (näi) | наи (nai) | (nøu, nū) | |
| water | вит (wit) | вит (wit) | вит (wit) | вит (wit) | вить (wiť) | вить (wiť) | (wüť) | (üť) | уйт (ujt) | уть (uť) | (uť) |
| to go | минуӈкве (minuŋkwe) | минуӈкв (minuŋkw) | минуӈкве (minuŋkwe) | миныӈке, минынке (minəŋke) | меных, менх (menəχ) | менх (menχ) | минух (minuχ) | минух (minuχ) | минг (minəγ) | (mińəŋ) | |
| woman | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ (ne) | (nē) | (nē) | не, нэ (n'e, ne) | (nī) | |
| man | хум (χum) | хум (χum) | хум (χum) | хум (χum) | ха̊м (χåm) | ком (kom) | (khum) | (khum) | ком (kom) | ||
| boy | пыг (piγ) | пый (pij) | пыг (piγ) | пыг (piγ) | пӧв, пӱ̄в (pöw, pǖw) | пуу, пуув | (pūγ) | (pǖ) | (pū, pøw) | ||
| pine (Pinus sylvestris) | тарыг (tarəγ) | тарый (tarəj) | тарыг (tarəγ) | тарыг (tarəγ) | тӓрей (tärej) | (täri) | (tøri) | тари (tari) | (tǟru ~ tøru ~ tāru, å̄nu) | ||
| word | ла̄тыӈ (lātəŋ) | ла̄тыӈ (lātəŋ) | ла̄тыӈ (lātəŋ) | ла̄тыӈ (lātəŋ) | ляӈх, лях (läŋχ, ľaŋχ/χ) | лах, лех (laχ, ľeχ) | (lātėχ ~ lātėŋ) | (ľēk) | |||
| good | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмс, ёмщ (joms, jomś) | ямс (jams) | (jämės) | (jämės) | ямас (jamas) | (jumås, lǟk) | |
| two | кит, китыг (kit, kitiγ) | кит, китый (kit, kitij) | кит, китыг (kit, kitiγ) | кит, китыг (kit, kitiγ) | кӣт, кӣтэй (kīt, kītej) | китэй (kitej) | кита (kita) | (kiťi) |
| + Mansi consonants |
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